Until today's fix about 54% of time was spent in std::muptimap::insert() and erase(), most of it in allocations, called by SystemClock::Step(). Removing the erase() and insert() improves 3.28 MIPS to 9.1 MIPS. On Linux speed rises from 4.80 MIPS to 7.8 MIPS. (Of course we cannot remove those calls, they are needed for certain peripherals and multicore, instead I rewrote it using a minimum heap.)

Commit [2] fixed that, therefore current numbers are 8.2 MIPS (122ns/cycle) on Windows and 9.4 MIPS on Linux. Measurement conditions are below.

I did not test the C simulavr.

For comparison: simulator "avrtest" [1] does 194.7 MIPS when compiled with "-O3 -fomit-frame-pointer", 84.8 MIPS when compiled with -O2. Beware the avrtest was intended to simulate instructions only, not peripherals or interrupts. Still, we have quite a lot to catch up, it is ~10 times faster than us.

All tests were done on my regress\timertest\delay.c, which calls avr-lib'c _delay_loop_2(65535), i.e. sbiw, brne, nop, nop. Both simulavr and avrtest counts the loop as 4 cycles. It runs with interrupts disabled, does not access RAM, does not stress cache by Flash accesses. Number of iterations of calls to _delay_loop_2 is set for test to last several seconds. First launch is used to warm caches and results discarded. Using default optimization levels (-O2 for gcc), no profile guided optimization (would require more effort). Measuring "user" time on Linux, "CPU time" on Windows. Linux builds are on machine named "u-pl12" using gcc-4.5.3 on Intel Core i7 2.67GHz with 8 MiB cache, Windows using MSVS 2010 on Intel Core 2 2.5GHz with maybe 2 MiB cache. Unless otherwise noted there are no other running processes.

I did not use the proposed drystone benchmark because it looks like having complicated set up and it looks like testing quality of C compiler's optimizer, not a simulator. For us any access to RAM (static, Y-relative) is equally fast.

[1] http://winavr.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/winavr/avrtest/
[2] http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/simulavr.git/commit/?id=72c63f10fa7052dd8e49d36b647470ba30fe63a0